Theoretical and educational aspects of library activities in higher education. Specialty "Library and information activities" (academic bachelor) Distance education library information activities

Correlation of the concepts of "librarianship" and "librarianship".

Library activity is viewed as "an area of ​​social and humanitarian activities to meet the information, cultural and educational needs of the population through libraries." This definition of the term "library activity" does not reveal the specifics of this activity.

Let us consider the relationship between the concepts of "librarianship" and "librarianship" from different points of view.

The term "librarianship" in various sources is defined as a branch of information, cultural, educational and educational activities, including the creation and development of a network of libraries, the formation and use of their collections, the organization of library, information and reference-bibliographic services for the population, the training of library personnel, scientific and methodological support for the work of libraries; a branch of professional activity that ensures the creation and development of libraries as a social system, the main goals of which are to preserve and transfer to new generations the intellectual achievements of mankind, reflected in the document (information) flow and the organization of public use of document (information) resources of libraries; the area of ​​activity for the organization of library services; the field of professional work, the purpose of which is to meet the information needs of society with the help of information resources concentrated in libraries, as well as a set of libraries operating in one or another territory; the branch of information, cultural - educational and educational activities, the tasks of which are the creation and development of a network of libraries, the formation and processing of their collections, the organization of library, information and reference and bibliographic services for library users, the training of library workers, scientific and methodological support for the development of libraries ; the field of research and applications of library science; it is a branch of culture and information, including a system of libraries, library funds, other information, intellectual, material and technical resources of libraries, infrastructure (library science, special educational institutions, library printing). It may be appropriate to replace the term "librarianship" with the term "library industry".

The term "librarianship" originated long before the term "librarianship". The latter appeared in the 1997 terminological dictionary, but it was not yet in the 1986 dictionary.

The term "librarianship" has developed similarly to the terms "bookkeeping", "banking" when it became necessary to find a generalized concept to express a variety of problems related to libraries.

V.V. Skvortsov expands the concept of "librarianship", combining to a certain extent with the concept of "library activity". Without specifically considering the term "library activity", the author, when disclosing the object of librarianship, names the elements of this activity: the subject of labor, the subject of labor, the mediator of labor. The library activity of V.V. Skvortsov considers it to be a "process of library activity." The author characterizes this process as an activity for the creation of library services and products, as a single process, including the main and auxiliary (supporting) and management activities.

The analysis shows that in librarianship, when using the terms "librarianship" and "librarianship", there is no clarity about the relationship between the content of these concepts.

The concept of "librarianship" is much broader than the concept of "library activity". "Library activity" can be tentatively defined as a complex of different types of work that ensure the performance of the library (as an institution) of its main functions and mission to society.

A holistic vision of library activity makes it possible to identify it and distinguish it from what is another activity. Today it is relevant primarily because new types of activities are emerging in libraries related to automation, the introduction of modern information technologies. A holistic vision of library activities is necessary to manage all the diversity of its types, organizational structures, develop their classification, answer the question of preserving or changing the essence of this activity in connection with technological and socio-cultural changes.

The double essence of library and information activities.

There are practically no works on the essential characteristics of library and information activities in professional literature. An exception is the article by M.I. Akilina. She considers rental as a criterion for library phenomena, provided that the document is saved in the system. Before issuing a document for temporary use with a return, you need to have it, and in order to issue it several times (the library usually issues documents many times), you should keep it. Therefore, storage for the library is as necessary as rental. Consequently, the essence of library (library and information) activities is twofold: collection, processing, storage of documents and their provision in different ways, primarily through rental. Such activity can be called memorial and informational, meaning that, like memory, the library collects, processes, stores information (in the form of documents and other information objects) and distributes it, providing these objects.

Revealing the essence allows you to clarify the definition of library and informational activity: this is a type of informational activity (memorial informational), which is a set of labor processes, technological and creative, ensuring that the library performs the main functions of organizing the collection, processing, preservation and accessibility of documents, other information objects and missions to society.

The two sides of the essence of library and information activities are contradictory. At the level of the library as a system, this contradiction reproduces the opposition between the library collection and the users. Two different sides of library and information activities, revealing its main contradiction, nevertheless, form a unity and ensure the demand for information resources of the library.

Throughout history, the library as a social institution, ensuring the safety of documents (which implies their collection and storage), was obliged to prevent their loss, damage, damage. At the same time, transferring documents for use to readers, servicing them, the library assumes their possible loss or damage.

The more difficult it is (financially and spatially) to store documents, the more thoroughly it is necessary to select them during acquisition, leaving valuable. But what is valuable to one is of no value to another. Consequently, the selection of documents deprives the average abstract reader of all the information he needs.

An analysis of this contradiction shows that it is largely associated with the ideas in society and the library professional environment about such universal categories as time (past, present and future) and value. Indeed, writing and libraries arose in order to preserve the past for the present and the future, replacing the oral tradition of transmitting information associated with the present.

In antiquity and the Middle Ages, libraries were largely aimed at preservation (i.e., the past for the future). Understanding the relationship past - present - future as the past for the future created the image of the library as a temple, as something higher, inaccessible. This view of the library is now to some extent preserved as a tradition, although in reality there has been no such attitude to the library for a long time. Today, in connection with the introduction of information and communication technologies, in the minds of librarians, there is a change in the proportions between the past, present and future in favor of the present.

Thus, the contradiction between the preservation of documents and their accessibility, in essence, expresses the contradiction between the responsibility of the library to a specific current user and the responsibility to future generations, who will not be able to familiarize themselves with cultural values ​​if they are lost. This specific contradiction can be compared with such natural contradictions as heredity and variability, memorization and reproduction.

In the course of historical development, the role of these opposites has changed. While expanding in the course of the history of the availability of documents and information, the necessary balance between these opposites is nevertheless maintained. Expansion of accessibility is not limitless, it is limited by the fact that the library must preserve funds, so accessibility does not extend to the distribution of books or their sale (as in a bookstore). In a library, accessibility constraints are organic, since the essence is twofold and contradictory.

If the essence of library and information activities lies in the unity of storage and provision of documents, then the exclusion of one of the sides of this unity will lead to the fact that the institution will cease to be a library, but will, for example, be an information broker firm that provides documents and information without storing them. , and receiving from libraries, scientific and technical information services (STI), archives, museums.

A more complete picture of the essence of library and information activities can be obtained by considering it in the context of human activity in general.

Library and information activities as a system.

Library and information activities are one of the many types of activities that are carried out by a person. In works devoted to human activity, L.S. Vygotsky, P. Ya. Galperin, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein, B.F. Lomov and other scientists, when characterizing it as a system, distinguish components such as goals, the subject (subjects) of activity, endowed with activity, the object (objects) to which the activity of the subject is directed, the means and processes of activity, the conditions in which it occurs, the results of activity ... Using the systemic - activity approach, we will consider the library and information activities. At the same time, we proceed from the dual nature of this activity (Table 1).

Table 1 - Characteristics of library and information activities

Since a document is a unity of information (content) and a carrier, and information has a certain value for a person, a certain value, the library cannot ignore the value aspect of the document's content. The value of the content of a specific document is determined, as a rule, by such parameters as relevance, novelty of the subject, practical usefulness, scientific, industrial and artistic significance, degree of use, reliability of the facts presented, completeness of data, etc. The value of providing timely information (factual, semantic, ethical, aesthetic, etc.) is the most important characteristic of the object and subject of library and information activities and, accordingly, its results. In certain circumstances (for example, when working with book monuments), the library also takes into account the value forms of publication, i.e. the value of the document as a whole.

The following concepts of the value approach to library and information activities can be distinguished:

1) a concept that received theoretical development in the USSR as a theory of reading guidance, i.e. purposeful impact on the content and nature of reading;

2) a concept that assumes focus only on user requests. In real practice, the library quite flexibly combines both points of view, taking into account both the value orientation of society and the preferences of users, providing a balance of “eternal” and temporary values.

The system-activity approach makes it possible to see the specifics of library and information activities, where there are different types of relationships between subjects (librarian and user): as a subject - an object (for example, when forming a collection), as a subject - a subject (in a confidential conversation in a library), as a single entity. For example, in the course of refining a request (when providing documents, certificates), a single subject can be expressed by the formula "individual user - librarian", during some events (quizzes, discussions) - "collective user - librarian". In this case, the activities of the librarian and the user are of a joint nature. In addition, the system-activity approach makes it possible to clarify the connection between the subject and the subject of activity. For example, on the one hand, for the librarian, the subject of activity is the user's request, on the other hand, the librarian constructs his own subject (a stream of incoming documents, a reference search apparatus, etc.). The systematic activity approach reveals the dynamics of the activity process at the level of algorithms in the study of the technology of interaction between the user and the librarian.

Library and information activity is a system of processes corresponding to the system of their goals and subordinate to the general goal of the library.

The characteristics of library and information resources are given in the works of L.I. Aleshina, M.G. Vokhrysheva, M. Ya. Dvorkina, I.S. Pilko, Yu.N. Stolyarov. These are technical means, equipment, bibliographic tools, methods, techniques and organizational forms. The funds can be intended only for library and information activities, for example, methods for refining a request, and be universal, say, computer tools (MG Vokhrysheva calls them specific and non-specific). I.S. Pilko characterizes the tools as documentary resources, technical, linguistic and software tools, as well as human resources.

Funds are included in the structure of resources of library and information activities. Resources - means, stocks, opportunities, sources of something. In library and information activities, information resources can be distinguished, which include: library and information fund, reference and retrieval apparatus, Internet resources and resources available through it from various libraries and information centers, and other organizations. At the same time, at the same time, these resources are the result of information activities, including library information. Therefore, it is no coincidence that M.G. Vokhrysheva considers bibliographic resources as a global result of bibliographic practice. The resource and result is also a library and information environment. Like other types of human activity, library and information requires material and technical (library building, technical means, equipment, etc.), financial and intellectual resources. The intellectual resources of the library include:

Library science potential, including theoretical and practical developments in the field of technology, methodology and organization of library and information activities;

Knowledge and skills, general and professional culture of specific librarians, on which the quality and efficiency of user activity depends;

The intellectual potential of users, which influences their work in the library and stimulates the activities of librarians;

Linguistic and library technology software.

However, on the one hand, all library resources are included in the production of products and services, and on the other, they are elements of the library and information environment, a spatial and temporal field in which the production of the result of library and information activities takes place (Fig. 1).

Let's dwell on library and information activities. Depending on the specific goal, subject, object, subject, means and conditions of the environment, different technological processes are implemented that create intermediate results (for example, an index obtained during classification, subjectization) or final results (product or service).

Products are the result of a complex of supporting activities. The products are library and information fund, reference and retrieval apparatus, bibliographic aids. Service is the result of a complex of services. This is the issuance of documents and certificates, preparation of conferences, presentations, etc. The overall result of library and information activities (products plus services) is a library and information product.

Library services provide users with access to public goods such as information, knowledge, culture.

Figure 1 - Production of the result of library and information activities

Library service, being a social access mechanism, is a cultural transmission mechanism. At the same time, services also have an economic side, because they have a cost.

Each service is characterized by content and form. The main component of the content of a service is its subject, reflecting the need that is being satisfied; services differ from each other primarily in the subject matter.

Today, speaking about the results of library and information activities, it is important to take into account the provisions of the knowledge economy. In particular, it seems significant to highlight basic and value-added services aimed at making it easier for the consumer to use basic services. Value-added services, as the market for information services and products develops, move into the basic group, being replaced by new types of value-added services.

Basic services (products) in libraries can be considered a library and information fund, a reference and retrieval apparatus, including databases, bibliographic aids, on the basis of which value-added services are developed _ search for documents and information on request, preparation of references, IBA services (interlibrary loan) and electronic delivery of documents, etc.

Currently, the range of services provided by the library to the user has increased. The number of provided electronic services is growing, intended not only for the numerous users of the library, but also outside the information and educational environment.

All elements of library and information activities are interconnected (for example, the type of document and the needs of the user will determine the nature of the technological process, the required qualifications of the librarian and the result of the activity).

So, library and information activity is a system, that is, a set of elements that are in relationships and connections with each other and form a single whole. This unity, integrity is ensured by a common goal - the collection, processing, storage of certain types of documents, other information objects, including electronic ones, and on their basis satisfaction of the needs of users in library and information services, as well as the integrative property of this system, determined by the dual unity of its essence, direct and feedbacks between its elements and subsystems. Note also that this system is informational and sociocultural, open, i.e. connected with the external environment and supporting itself in response to environmental changes, a complex, self-developing system.

It should be noted that at the present time in the system of library and information activities there are several organizational levels and corresponding subsystems: the level of a particular library as an institution, different levels of its structural divisions, levels of library associations (a certain branch of the market economy, some territory), libraries and others. organizations (for example, consortia). Therefore, it is possible to consider library and information activities as a system of not only activity elements (see above), but also as a system of organizational structures. Depending on the levels of organization, the nature of self-regulation of library and information activities also changes.

Within the framework of one library, library and information activities are presented in different forms, which are interconnected by purpose, technology, different levels of organization.

Thus, in the system of library and information activities, relatively autonomous subsystems differ in terms of elements, types, and organization of activities.

With regard to self-developing systems, new aspects of the categories of space - time are also revealed. The growth of new levels of organization by the system is accompanied by a change in its internal space - time.

Library and information activity is not only a complex, self-developing system, but also a human-sized system, since here a person is a component of the system, which is included in it and often acts as both a subject and an object of activity.

Connection of library and information activities with educational.

Consider the relationship of library and information with other activities, including educational.

To ensure the storage and provision of documents, information (information), you need to cumulate these documents, information, process them and organize them so that they become available to users so that they can be easily found.

Type (subspecies) of activity - a concept that gives a brief meaningful characteristic of an activity that provides a certain final or significant intermediate result.

The type (subspecies) of activity is not identical to the technological process (technological operation), since, on the one hand, it gives a general and not a specific idea of ​​the activity, on the other hand, it presupposes the possibility of using several variants of technological processes (operations), depending on the specific goal, subject, object, conditions, etc. ...

In the scientific classification of library and information activities, various signs are used (see Appendix A).

The conducted research examines the library and information activity as a system, characterizes its elements, which has both theoretical and practical significance for further recording and analysis of changes in this activity. The study of the nature of links between library and information activities with other types of activity, on the one hand, shows its wide representation and significance in the structure of human activity, on the other hand, it also has a practical application, in particular, to determine the place of library and information activities in the educational process.

To identify development trends, outlined changes in library and information activities in conjunction with the educational system, we will consider the evolution of library activities.

The most common admission exams are:

• Russian language
• Mathematics (basic level)
• Russian language is a specialized subject, at the choice of the university
• Literature - at the choice of the university
• History - at the choice of the university
• Social Studies - at the choice of the university

In the light of the trends of the modern world, improving the information culture of society seems to be one of the most urgent tasks of the educational process. In the implementation of this approach, one of the key positions is taken by library and information activities. It is on the specialists of this area of ​​training that the real prospects for increasing the information culture of consumers depend, since libraries (both traditional and electronic) provide the population with access to national and world spiritual treasures.

Conditions of admission

For the successful implementation of professional activities and the provision of comprehensive qualified assistance in improving the information culture of readers, a future specialist requires deep knowledge of psychology, literature, foreign language and history. Enrollment is carried out on the basis of the results of passing exams in the following disciplines:

• literature;
• Russian (profile);
• history, social studies (at the choice of the university).

Future profession

The tasks of the future specialist include not only working with publishing and information materials, but also organizing work with readers.

A bachelor graduate needs to make efforts to constantly deepen knowledge and develop interest in the latest library and information technologies.

Where to go

To date, the following universities of the country are engaged in the preparation of bachelors of library and information activities:

• East Siberian State Academy of Culture and Arts;
• Arctic State Institute of Arts and Culture;
• Perm State Academy of Art and Culture;
• Oryol State Institute of Arts and Culture;
• Altai State Academy of Culture and Arts.

Training period

The standard term of study for the full-time department is 4 years, for the correspondence department - 5 years.

Disciplines included in the course of study

Today, library activities are undergoing significant transformations caused by the development of information technology.

Bachelors-graduates of the direction have a broad outlook, as well as information technology. Students of the direction study the following disciplines:

Acquired skills

Over the entire period of study, bachelors of the direction 51.03.06 "Library and Information Activities" acquire a number of relevant skills and abilities:

1. Mastering the theoretical knowledge of the course, striving to deepen it throughout the implementation of professional activities.
2. Ability to translate general goals in the field of library services into the tasks of a specific team.
3. To critically comprehend the best practices of librarianship, to apply them in practice.
4. To study the individual psychological characteristics of the course readers in order to attract more potential readers to the spiritual heritage.

Job prospects by profession

After completing the course, specialists of the direction are in demand in bibliographic science, in editorial and publishing and bookselling organizations, educational institutions, scientific and technical information bodies, museums, archives, etc.

A bachelor graduate can hold positions:

The minimum wage for young specialists is 15,000 rubles, the average salary in Russia is 18,000 rubles. In turn, the development of digital libraries suggests that in the coming years, the salary of specialists in the profile will increase many times over.

Prospects for professional development of graduates

If for other profiles self-improvement and continuation of training depends solely on personal preferences, then for specialists in this area it is a necessary condition. You can continue the deepening of theoretical knowledge while studying in master's, postgraduate and doctoral studies.

The professions of the direction are directly related to scientific activities and training in the magistracy will allow the formation of information and scientific competence at a high level. A master's degree is generally recognized in world countries, and writing a master's study will allow you to declare yourself in the scientific field.

Education in the magistracy will allow you to acquire the skills of implementing pedagogical activities, which is necessary for highly qualified specialists of the profile, as well as to continue the study of the selected research topic on the basis of the university.

At the moment, the outdated library as a social institution is losing its relevance. However, others arise or old ones are rehabilitated into completely new social enterprises and cultural institutions. Currently, a librarian or, as this profession is called in the language of the professionals of this organization, a specialist in library and information activities, must be able to do more than just arrange books on shelves. This is a whole system of work and responsibilities, which includes the latest information technologies and projects.

Let's take a look at what library and information activities are. What should a specialist with such a diploma work as?

Introduction to the profession

The management of the library and information activities of specialists in this area, coupled with innovative technologies being introduced into modern libraries, information and cultural centers, make it possible to open access for visitors to the most valuable exhibits. And these are sometimes historically important and especially protected documents, funds and materials, which can now be easily accessed by ordinary visitors of libraries through the latest information technologies.

Where to go to study?

In our country, the specialty "Library and Information Activities" can be obtained in more than 40 universities, institutes and academies. Among them:

• Moscow State and Moscow Linguistic University.
• Arctic State Institute of Arts and Culture.
• Tyumen State Academy of Culture, Arts and Social Technologies.
• named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.

Basis of learning

• methodical;
• teaching;
• information and analytical;
• research;
• organizational and managerial;
• cultural and educational;
• design and expert;
• psychological and pedagogical.

What is the job?

The main task of the work is the formation, processing and classification of information and documentary funds, as well as ensuring their complete safety and organizing their restoration or restoration.

The main work of a specialist in library and information activities is as follows:

• implementation of information diagnostics and modeling, that is, information and analytical processing of information;
• research of the qualities of information resources, their correction and processing;
• identification and assessment of innovative activity experience;
• work and study of consumers of information and library resources;
• design and implementation, that is, the specific implementation of the service to users of these resources;
• development of innovative projects of this environment to improve the implementation of user services, as well as internal social partnership.

Perspectives

Many students ask themselves the question, having entered the department of library and information activities: "Who can work with such a diploma?"

Having become a specialist in this field, you can find a suitable profession job in:

• libraries;
• cultural and leisure centers;
• information and information-analytical centers and agencies;
• teaching;
• publishing houses and editorial offices;
• multimedia centers.

But, of course, a certified specialist with a higher education, obtained in the profile of "Library and Information Activities", who to work with, will know for sure. Almost in all higher educational institutions there is a practice of choosing a place for further work after graduation for each student who is interested in this.

Students learning subjects

The professional standard of library and information activities involves training in such subjects as:

• library science;
• bibliography;
• library journalism;
• library ethics;
• records management;
• information systems and technologies;
• computer science;
• social communications;
• in scientific and technical activities;
• foreign languages;
• theory and history of literature;
• children's literature and reading;
• quality management;
• philosophy;
• history and some others.

The specific set of subjects depends on the profile of study chosen by the student.

Example

For example, a specialist in the field of study "Library and information work with children and youth" is waiting for:

• line of instruction in anthropology of childhood;
• participation in folklore and ethnographic expeditions;
• increasing the degree of education in the course "Theory of children's literature and the methodology of children's reading", as well as much more.

Educational programs

Educational programs and profiles for training specialists in the field of "Library and Information Activities":

1. Technologies of automated library and information resources.

In this profile, students study:

• the consistency of the movement of information in the social environment;
• basic rules for the operation of information systems and networks;
• in all types of its manifestations;
• deep understanding of documentary streams in the library field, as well as the entire available fund and various areas of library activities.

A trained specialist with such skills and abilities can easily work with full automation of library technologies using multimedia tools.

2. Management and management of these resources of innovative development of scientific and technical activities of libraries.

Professionals of this profile are engaged in:

• management and management of information resources (documents, materials and funds of libraries or other specialized institutions);
• information escort of innovative projects;
• the creation of the social communication sphere of the organization.

3. Book communications in the professional field.

An important additional advantage of such a specialist will be the skills of working with rare and handwritten books, which are especially valuable among collectors.

Studying in this profile will prepare students for:

• organizations and bookstores;
• legal and legal norms of the activities of the above organizations.

Such a specialist in library and information activities will have practical skills in book design and decoration, both internal and external. As well as the ability to determine the exact price of antique and second-hand books without errors, skills in working with auction catalogs of books.

4. Management and management of library and information activities.

After mastering the program of this profile, specialists of the middle and top level are obtained - the elite of the library world. This direction can be called very important and responsible, since the practical environment for a professional will be:

• planning the daily activities of a library institution, as well as long-term management and management of organizations of this profile;
• work with structural divisions of such institutions;
• practical work with staff;
• a complete understanding of individual areas of activity of libraries and similar organizations.

Thus, such a graduate is a versatile person in his profession and can find work in the field of management, culture, education, and social communications.

5. Information and analytical profile of the activity.

Assumes that a specialist in the field of library and information activities:

• knows methods of analysis and correlation of information;
• is able to identify causal contacts and factors in the development of complex situations.

During training, students develop predictive and analytical skills, the ability to provide information support for professional activities, and to manage information resources of various institutions.

Within this profile, there are two actual directions for students: in the field of fiction and in the socio-economic sphere.

6. Library and information activities with children and youth. These are specialists in the theory of children's literature and the culture of children's reading. It is also a popular activity.

7. Library and information activities of providing information consumers are basically the future organizers and technologists of promoting and expanding reading among the population. Here, the main thing in professional study is a complex of pedagogical, psychological and socio-communicative knowledge and skills.

Highly qualified specialists in this activity help potential and entrenched readers of information resources to form their social status through the culture of reading and broaden their horizons, go through the stages of reader socialization.

Cipher

There is a special code for each specialty. The code of this specialty is 51.03.06 "Library and Information Activity".

Information Technology

The specialist in the field of library activities will have to master the latest information and innovative technologies related to this profession. Information technologies of the library activities of these specialists are summed up in several points:

• implementation of consumer access to the necessary resources via the Internet both remotely (from another city, for example), and in the library itself;
• entering all library funds and documents into a special database (scanning, digitizing) for further sale to visitors as an object not natural, but digitized, which ultimately helps to preserve and restore archival funds, documents and materials;
• the use of advertising, PR-technologies and PR-events in the work of a modern library;
• using the latest information technologies and gadgets to interest consumers (including children and adolescents) in library and information resources.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Tambov State University G.R.Derzhavin

LIBRARY-INFORMATION ACTIVITIES

Collection of curricula and teaching materials

in the specialty 071201

Tambov - 2005

Approved by the Department of Library and Information Activities of the Tambov State University named after G.R.Derzhavin on April 7, 2005, Minutes No. 5

Compiled editor: Borisov B.V., candidate of pedagogical sciences, professor

Reviewers: Skvortsov V.V., Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor

O.B. Marcheva, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor

INTRODUCTION

Specialty 071201 "Library and information activities" is approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 181 of January 24, 2002 and in accordance with the "All-Russian Classifier of Education Specialties" (OK 009-2003) is included in the enlarged group of specialties 070000 "Culture and Art" in the direction 071200 "Library and information resources".

The state educational standard of higher professional education in the specialty 071201 "Library and information activities" was approved on 13.02.2003 and is the second generation standard. Of the four qualifications offered by the standard at the Tambov State University. G.R. Derzhavin, two are implemented:

Referent-analyst of information resources;

Information resource manager.

The qualification characteristics of graduates depend on the chosen qualification.

Qualification “Referent-analyst of information resources”.

The area of ​​professional activity of a referent-analyst as a highly qualified specialist is information and bibliographic science and practice.

The main areas of application of the referent analyst are information centers, specialized libraries or information and analytical departments for various purposes, government bodies, law enforcement agencies, economic, banking, tax institutions, educational institutions, public organizations, associations and unions, enterprises of various organizational and legal forms, in various sectors of the country's economy.

The main objects of the graduate's professional activity are documentary and information resources of society, various groups of information consumers.

The main tasks of the professional activity of a referent-analyst are to assess the current state and identify trends in the development of an object based on the analysis and synthesis of known information about the object, the creation of information products and services of an analytical nature.

The main types of professional activities of the graduate are analytical and synthetic processing of information, creation and maintenance of databases, information modeling of objects, information support of professional activities, management of information resources of various institutions.

Production and practical, including management,

Methodical,

Expert and consulting,

Scientific research.

Qualification "Information Resources Manager".

The field of professional activity of a graduate as a highly qualified specialist is the theory and practice of managing library and information activities.

The main objects of the graduate's professional activity are management of information and library services; acquisition and organization of funds, bibliographic activities of libraries; structural divisions and staff of the library.

The main tasks of the professional activity of an information resource manager are strategic, tactical and operational management of personnel, structural divisions of a library and information institution and areas of library and information work.

A graduate, in accordance with general professional and special training, can carry out professional activities in the following main areas:

Production and practical, including management;

Expert and consulting;

Scientific research.

Graduates of both qualifications are prepared to continue their education in postgraduate studies in the specialty 05.25.03 "library science, bibliography and bibliology".

This collection includes curricula for disciplines of the federal component of the general professional (OPD) and special (SD) cycles of disciplines, internship programs and the structure of the final state certification.

The program of each academic discipline includes the following sections:

Organizational and methodological section;

Distribution of course hours by topic and type of work;

Final control form;

Educational and methodological support of the course.

GENERAL PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINES

OPD.F.01 INFORMATICS

I. Organizational and methodological section

1.1 The purpose of the course is to get acquainted with the basic concepts of the information society and the development of new information technologies.

1.2 Objectives of the course:

Get acquainted with the basic concepts of computer science;

Study the theoretical foundations of modern computer technology;

To master new information technologies based on the use of computer technology.

1.3 The place of the course in the professional training of the graduate.

The course belongs to the cycle of general professional disciplines of the federal component.

1.4 Requirements for the level of mastering the content of the course.

The student should know:

Basic concepts of computer science;

The history of the development of information technology;

The current state of information technology.

The student should be able to:

Use modern information technologies;

Apply computer technology in practice.

II ... Course content

1. Course sections

Section 1. Basic concepts in computer science

Section 2. Technical basis of informatization

Section 3. Software

2. Topics and summary

Section 1. Basic concepts in computer science

Topic 1. Information

Types of information, its properties, measurement of information, coding of information. Signals, data, number systems, information units.

Topic 2. Informatization

Information society. Informatization processes. Creation of information infrastructure. Raising the information culture of members of society.

Topic 3. Information systems

Structure, life cycle, principles of functioning of information systems. Classification of information systems. Information retrieval languages. Indexing systems.

Topic 4. Information processing

Dvorkina M. Ya. Library and information activity: theoretical foundations and features of development in the traditional and electronic environment / M. Ya. Dvorkina. - M.: "Publishing house FAIR", 2009. - 256 p. - (Special Publishing Project for Libraries).

For the first time, the library and information activity is comprehensively studied, an analysis of its evolution in the traditional and electronic environment is given. This activity is considered from the standpoint of the system-activity, evolutionary and synergetic approaches. Its essence, structure, types, technological and organizational issues, innovation processes are characterized. Library information activities are presented in the context of knowledge management.

The book is intended for librarians, library specialists, can be used as a teaching aid in the study of the disciplines "Introduction to the specialty", "Library science: general course" and the special course "Library and information activity theory: technology, organization".

Introduction
Library and information activities to a scientific problem

In the professional literature, the concept of "library activity" is widely used. However, its definition is not in GOST 7.0-99 “Information and library activities, bibliography. Terms and definitions ”, although the concept of“ library activity ”is present in the very name of GOST in the term“ information and library activity ”, and the concepts of“ bibliographic activity ”and“ scientific information activity ”are defined in the same GOST.

In the terminological dictionary "Library Science" (RSL, 1997), library activity is considered as "an area of ​​socio-humanitarian activity to meet the information, cultural and educational needs of the population through libraries." Here, the definition of the term "library activity" is given through a broader activity, which shows its focus on meeting a number of needs of the population (which, by the way, are satisfied by many other institutions: educational institutions, theaters, cinema, museums, etc.), but not reveals, at least in general terms, how the library does it, what is the specificity of this activity. But in the same dictionary there is another term "library work", in the definition of which the specifics are shown: "the implementation of various technological processes (acquisition, processing and storage of documents, maintaining catalogs, databases and data banks, various forms of service, etc.) in the library ". Since the dictionaries of the Russian language consider the concepts of "activity" and "work" almost as synonyms, let us refer the definition of "library work" to the concept of "library activity" as well.

The Library Encyclopedia (2007) contains an article by I.V. Lukashov on library activities, where the latter is viewed in a broad sense as “any individual or public initiatives, actions to create libraries and organize their work” and in the professional sense as “the work of a librarian to form a network of libraries, library stock, other information resources and present them library users ". As auxiliary directions of library activity, the author characterizes research, scientific and methodological work, library and bibliographic education. In the encyclopedia there is also a definition of the concept of "library work", which gives a reference to the term "library activity", repeating information about the types of activities and processes described in the article by I.V. Lukashov, and additionally considering library work as library work.

Analysis of the literature indicates that, while there is a significant number of works on certain types and aspects of library activity, there are no studies of it as a whole. This is how the history of librarianship developed, that a huge interest in general theoretical issues of activity in psychology (especially in the 1960s – 1970s), philosophy (1980s), the reflection of this interest in bibliography (monograph by M.G. Vokhrysheva “Bibliographic activity : structure and efficiency (1989), N. A. Slyadneva "Bibliography in the system of the Universe of human activity: the experience of system-activity analysis" (1993)), in library science did not find a response. Library science in general theoretical terms focused on objects - documents, readers, common to this science and related sciences (let's call this area of ​​research the elemental, or object, approach), and studied activity characteristics at the level of specific disciplines - the formation of a library fund, analytical and synthetic processing of documents , service to readers (previously the term "work with readers" was used), library management (now - library management), library work with children, library services for the disabled, etc.

How library activity differs from other types of activity - this question was not posed theoretically. In 1995 V.P. Leonov tried to present in one work all library processes (the so-called process approach in library science), but their common features and differences were not identified, moreover, the process is not identical with activity, which will be discussed below.

Meanwhile, a holistic vision of librarianship is essential to the profession. It allows you to get a general idea of ​​the library specialty, makes it possible to identify it and distinguish what is another activity. Today it is relevant primarily because new types of activities are emerging in libraries related to automation, the introduction of modern information technologies. A holistic vision of library activities is necessary to manage all the diversity of its types, organizational structures, develop their classification, answer the question of preserving or changing the essence of this activity in connection with technological and socio-cultural changes. Thus, a holistic view of library activities can act as a method for assessing the future of the library.

The analysis of library and information activities in general is also necessary because the specialty "Library and information activities" is fixed in the state educational standard, but this concept has not been disclosed.

The methodological basis of this work is the system-activity approach, which is most adequate in the study of the structure of activity, the interrelationships of its elements. This refers to different views on the activity approach, which was formed in the second half of the twentieth century. , and his criticism. So, unlike the psychologists L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein, G.P. Shchedrovitsky emphasized that “in the real world ... activity and action can and should exist only together with thinking and communication. Hence ... the expression "thought activity", which ... should replace and supplant the expression "activity" both in research and in practical organization. " One cannot but agree that activity exists together with thinking and communication, but for the purpose of studying the structure and elements of a specific activity, in a number of cases one has to abstract from this. P.G. Shchedrovitsky, in contrast to the psychological view of activity, drew attention to the fact that “human social activity should be considered not as an attribute of an individual person, but as an initial universal integrity, much broader than the“ people ”themselves ... Each person, when he is born , collides with the already established activity, continuously carried out around him and next to him ... ". This book takes into account the psychological approach to activity and at the same time it is considered not as an attribute of an individual person, but as an attribute of a certain professional group, that is, as a professional activity that is included in universal human activity through goals, norms, means, technology, operating conditions.

It also uses an evolutionary approach, which allows “to study social evolution from the point of view of the historical sequence of development, in which later achievements depend on the earlier ones,” and the purpose of which, according to B.A. Semenovker, "to establish the emergence of a new phenomenon and the path of its development up to the present time." The evolutionary approach makes it possible to overcome the lack of “psychological theories of S.L. Rubinstein and A.N. Leontyev ", in which, according to V.S. Lazarev, “activity is not defined as developing”, and this makes it possible to trace changes in the elements of library and information activities.

When analyzing the evolution of library and information activities as a self-developing system and its organization, a synergetic approach associated with the system approach is used. The comparative research method, methods of terminological analysis, elements of the theory of organization are also used.

The use of the system-activity approach made it possible to consider the elements of library and informational activity and its types in a separate library and the organizational structure of library and informational activity in the library industry, its place in the system of other types of activity. Analysis of the types and subspecies of library and information activities and their comparison with other types of human activity makes it possible to see their commonality, the universality of a number of subspecies of library and information activities. In this regard, it is interesting to say N. Wiener: "... every organism is held together by the presence of means of acquiring, using, storing and transmitting information." That is why there is a need for information, and in particular, library and information, activities in any institution. Therefore, Yu.N. Stolyarov, who formulated a law that "a library is an indispensable component of any social institution that has specialized documented knowledge."

Let us analyze the basic terms associated with the concept of "library and information activities".

The term "traditional" in relation to library and information activities denotes activities related to handwritten and printed documents.

Let us consider the relationship between the concepts of "librarianship" and "library activity", "library technology", "library process" as the most important categories of librarianship.

Terminological Dictionary "Librarianship" (1997) gives definitions of the three named terms.

Librarianship is defined as "a branch of information, cultural, educational and educational activities, including the creation and development of a network of libraries, the formation and use of their funds, the organization of library, information and reference and bibliographic services for the population, the training of library personnel, scientific and methodological support of the work of libraries" ... In the "Library Encyclopedia" (2007) in the article by Yu.A. Grikhanov, librarianship is defined as a branch of professional activity that ensures the creation and development of libraries as a social system, the main goals of which are the preservation and transmission of the intellectual achievements of mankind, reflected in the document (information) flow, to new generations, and the organization of public use of the document (information) resources of libraries. The author of the article refers to the main constituent parts of librarianship as library networks, library funds, library personnel, the system of library services for the population, library management, research and scientific-methodological work. In this part, Yu.A. Grikhanov completely repeats the content of the text from the definition of librarianship given in the terminological dictionary. If we compare the definitions of “librarianship” and “librarianship” (according to the most complete article by I.V. Lukashov), then intersections are noticeable in terms of the formation of a network, library stock, service, research, scientific and methodological work, training of library personnel, which the dictionary and encyclopedia refer to librarianship, and I.V. Lukashov - towards library activities.

In GOST 7.0-99 “Information and library activities, bibliography. Terms and definitions "librarianship is defined as" the domain of library service provision. "

In the textbook V.V. Skvortsov "General Library Science" (in 2 hours, 1996-1997), the term "librarianship" is defined as "an area of ​​professional work, the purpose of which is to meet the information needs of society with the help of information resources concentrated in libraries, as well as a set of libraries operating on this or that territory. In the legal sense, librarianship is a branch of information, cultural, educational and educational activities, the tasks of which are the creation and development of a network of libraries, the formation and processing of their collections, the organization of library, information and reference-bibliographic services for library users, the training of library workers, scientific and methodological support for the development of libraries. Librarianship is the area of ​​research and applications in librarianship. "

V.V. Skvortsov expands the concept of "librarianship", combining to a certain extent the definitions "librarianship" and "librarianship" from the terminological dictionary.

Without considering specifically the term "library activity", the author, nevertheless, when disclosing the object of library science, names the elements of this activity: the subject of labor, the subject of labor, the mediator of labor.

A somewhat broader understanding of library activity (without the use of this term) is given in § 2.2.2.2 of the second part of the textbook by N.S. Kartashova "General theory of librarianship", which examines the "process of library activity". The author characterizes this process as an activity for the creation of library services and products, as a single process, including the main and auxiliary (supporting) and management activities. NS. Kartashov includes library activities in librarianship and identifies three types of activities.

The analysis shows that in librarianship, when using the terms "librarianship" and "librarianship", there is no clarity about the relationship between the content of these concepts.

What is the difference between the considered concepts?

The term "librarianship" originated long before the term "librarianship". Let us pay attention to the fact that the latter appeared in the 1997 terminological dictionary, but it was not yet in the 1986 dictionary.

The term "librarianship" developed similarly to the terms "bookkeeping", "mining" when it became necessary to find a generalized concept to express a variety of problems related to libraries. It is no coincidence that the materials of the library congress (1911) were named “Proceedings of the First All-Russian Congress on Librarianship”, and A.R. Voinich-Syanozhenetsky called his report at this congress "Librarianship as a special independent specialty and librarians as a separate group among other specialists." Even earlier, at the end of the 19th century, a book by E.V. Balobanova "Library Science".

Materials on librarianship of the First Library Congress included a wide range of issues: about various types of libraries, their problems, organization of a library network, professional training of librarians, library printing, i.e., in modern language, covered the work (activity) of libraries and the entire infrastructure, associated with this activity. This meaning of the concept has basically been preserved to the present day. It is no coincidence that the word "industry" is used in its definition.

Librarianship, in my opinion, is a branch of culture and information, including a system of libraries, library collections, other information, intellectual, material and technical resources of libraries, infrastructure (library science, special educational institutions, library printing). It may be appropriate to replace the term "librarianship" with the term "library industry". S.A. Basov proposes to use the generalizing, in his opinion, concept of “library social institution” as a replacement for the terms “library” and “librarianship”. It includes practice, education, science, communications, management. However, in professional literature, the library itself is understood as a social institution (for example, according to N.V. Zhadko, Yu.P. Melentyeva), at the same time it is considered as an institution ("Library Encyclopedia", p. 139). It seems that the use of the concept "library" in two meanings is quite acceptable. But if you accept S.A. Basov, the concept of "library" as an institution will be difficult to substantiate.

For this study, it is important that the concept of "librarianship" is not synonymous with the concept of "library activity", it is much broader. We will preliminarily define "library activity" as a complex of different types of work that ensure that the library (as an institution) fulfills its main functions and mission to society.

The concept of "function", according to the "Brief Philosophical Encyclopedia" (1994), is determined by meanings - duty, scope of activity. The concept of "mission" comes from the Latin word translated as "to send". According to SI Ozhegov's dictionary, the concept of "mission" has many meanings, among which the most suitable for defining the mission of the library is "a responsible task, assignment."

The mission of the library is a responsible task, the "assignment" to the library as a social institution, given by the society. It seems that each specific society, existing at a specific time, gives a "commission" to the library. Therefore, at different times and in different societies, the library may have a special mission.

At the same time, the library (as an institution not only social, but also sociocultural) has a mission determined by the nature of the development of civilization (civilizational mission). Through this mission, the library is connected both with the situation of a particular society and with the world cultural process as a whole, it reflects the stages of the spiritual quest of mankind. So, in the XIX century. - the first half of the XX century. the mission of the library was to educate broad strata of the people (the beginning of this period can be considered the era of the Renaissance). The librarian saw himself as an enlightener.

Scientific and technical, environmental, cultural changes, world crisis phenomena of the XX century. led to a change in the mission of the library. Anti-totalitarian ideas, ideas of intellectual freedom have defined a new civilizational mission of the library - to ensure free access for users to world information resources ("information for all"). The "mission of the library" formulation has been brought into librarianship from a non-library environment. Today the librarian is increasingly aware of himself as a mediator in the world of information, contributing to the humanization of this world.

Now let's try to identify the relationship between the concepts of "library activity" and "library technology".

In the terminological dictionary "Library Science" the concept "library technology" is defined as "a set of library processes and operations, as well as techniques, methods and means of their implementation, aimed at creating and preserving library products and performing library services." The relationship between the concepts of "library activity" and "library technology" is not shown in the dictionary. In the article by E.G. Astapovich in the "Library Encyclopedia" considers library technology as a complex of technological processes focused on the implementation of the tasks of library activities, as well as the methodology of library and information production, modern knowledge about the essence of library technological processes, patterns and principles of their development. The article emphasizes that library technology is a way to streamline the system of organizing library activities and social development of the library. It follows from this definition that library activity sets the tasks of library technology, that this concept is broader than "library technology".

V.P. Leonov in his book "Library and bibliographic processes in the system of scientific communications" understands library and bibliographic activity "not as a set of stationary objects and objects, but as a set of processes." He includes processes in the structure of library activity, i.e., in his opinion, the concept of "library activity" is broader than the concept of "library process", which can be correlated with the concept of "library technology", although the latter is not used in the book, but the processes are separated into constituent elements, substages.

In the works of I.S. Pilko Library Technology: General Course, Information and Library Technologies: A Study Guide (2006) and her doctoral dissertation, the concept of library activity is seen as broader than library technology.

In this work, the concept of "library activity" is also considered as a broader concept than "library technology" (further, the relationship between these concepts will be disclosed in more depth). In addition, library activity is presented here as a kind of informational activity and therefore is called "library and informational activity".

Sup> 8 Grigoryan, G. G. Reflections on Museum Business in the Old House on New Square. Publications and speeches (1988–2005) / G. G. Grigorian. - M.: MGF "Knowledge", 2005. - S. 253.

9 Stolyarov, Yu. N. What is a library? (about its essence and initial functions) / Yu. N. Stolyarov // Stolyarov, Yu. N. Bibliotekovedenie. Favorites. 1960-2000. - M.: Pashkov House, 2001 .-- S. 264.

10 See the chronological parts (unwritten society, handwritten information, printing information, technogenic information) in the book: Semenovker, BA Evolution of information activity: Non-written society / BA Semenovker; Grew up. state b-ka. - M.: Pashkov House, 2007 .-- S. 12.

11 Librarianship: terminol. dictionary / Ros. state b-ka. - M., 1997 .-- S. 22.

12 GOST 7.0-99 “Information and library activities, bibliography. Terms and Definitions". - S. 3.

13 Kartashov, N. S. General library science: textbook / N. S. Kartashov, V. V. Skvortsov. - Part 1. - M., 1996. - S. 7–8.

14 Ibid. - S. 27.

15 Kartashov, N. S. General library science: textbook / N. S. Kartashov, V. V. Skvortsov. - Part 2. - M., 1997. - S. 29-30.

16 Basov, S. A. Library and democracy: the first introduction to the problem / S. A. Basov; [Petersburg. bibl. oh]. - SPb., 2006. - S. 14-16.

17 Librarianship: terminol. dictionary / Ros. state b-ka. - M., 1997 .-- S. 21.

18 Leonov, V. P. Library and bibliographic processes in the system of scientific communications / V. P. Leonov; Grew up. acad. Sciences, B-ka Ros. acad. sciences. - SPb., 1995. - S. 5-6.